Hare-haren da aka yi tsakanin Amurka da Isra'ila daga gefe guda da Iran daga wani gefe, tun kusan makonni uku da suka gabata, ya haifar da barazana ga kayan aikin ruwan da ke cikin wannan yanki. A cikin wannan lokacin, an yi hare-hare guda biyu da aka ce suna shafar tashoshin ruwan sha: na farko a ranar 7 ga Maris, lokacin da ministan harkokin wajen Iran, Abbas Araghchi, ya zargi Amurka da kai harin kan tashar ruwan sha a tsibirin Qeshm a cikin ramin Hormuz, wanda ya shafi samar da ruwa ga kananan hukumomi guda 30; na biyu kuma shine bayyana daga hukumar tsaro ta Bahrain cewa jirgin sama mara matuki na Iran ya haifar da asarar dukiya a tashar ruwan sha a Bahrain. Amurka ta musanta cewa tana da hannu a cikin lamarin, yayin da Araghchi ya gargadi cewa "Amurka ta kafa tushe, ba Iran ba."
Ko da yake asarar da aka tabbatar a yanzu haka ba ta da yawa kuma hauhawar ba ta kai matakin da zai zama hadari ba, amma wadannan hare-haren suna fuskantar barazana ga kasashen gulu masu fama da karancin ruwan sama da rashin koguna da ke gudana da kuma gurbacewar ajiyar ruwan ƙasa tare da karuwar yawan jama'a da tara tattalin arziki a cikin sauri, wanda ya sa su dogara sosai a kan hanyar samar da ruwan da ba ta da ƙarfi na tashoshin ruwan sha.
Dama da Barazana da ke fuskantar yankin
Masani Mohammed Abu Hawash, wanda ke aiki a Majalisar Gabas ta Tsakiya akan Al'amuran Duniya da kuma masanin manufofin ruwan a wannan yanki, ya tabbatar da cewa hare-haren kan albarkatun ruwa suna haifar da shakku tun kafin su kara tsananta domin mutane suna iya rayuwa ba tare da man fetur ko fasaha ba, amma suna fuskantar haɗarin mutuwa cikin 'yan kwanaki kadan ba tare da ruwa ba. Ya kara da cewa wannan shi ne dalilin tsoro da ya bayyana lokacin da aka fitar da rahoton hare-haren kan tashoshin ruwan sha a Bahrain da Qeshm.
Kasashen Arabic guda shida da ke fuskantar gabar teku — Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, da Oman — suna da tashoshin ruwan sha fiye da 400 waɗanda ke samar da kimanin rabi na ruwan sha a duniya, duk da cewa yawansu suna ƙasa da 1% na yawan jama'ar duniya. Wannan yanki yana dauke da manyan tashoshin ruwan sha guda takwas daga cikin goma mafi girma a duniya. Saudi Arabia na dogaro da ruwan sha fiye da 18% bisa ga adadin gaba ɗaya, UAE na da kaso 41% yayin da Qatar ke da kaso 61% daga wannan adadin. Idan aka yi la'akari da ruwan sha na shaye-shaye, wadannan kason suna tashi zuwa 70% a Saudi Arabia, 42% a UAE da 99% a Qatar, bisa ga kididdiga na gida.
Yadda kwaya za ta shafi wajen zamantakewar al'umma
Iran yana da karancin dogaro da ruwan sha saboda yana da magudanun ruwa da ruwan ƙasa, amma albarkatun ruwan sa na sabuntawa sun ragu a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kuma an sami maimaituwar yanayi na bushewa da tsananin zafi, wanda ya haifar da matakan rashin ruwan da ya jawo zanga-zanga a da. A kasashen gulu, barazanar tana ƙara ƙarfi saboda yawancin tashoshin ruwan sha suna kusa da gabar teku da tashoshin jigilar kaya da tashoshin lantarki da suke dogara a kai, wanda ya sanya su tsira idan an maida wadannan wurare daga masu muhimmanci, kodayake suna iya zama wurin zama na sojoji.
Misali, tashar jirgin ruwa na Jebel Ali a UAE — mafi girma a Gabas ta Tsakiya da daya daga cikin mafi girman a duniya — ta kasance cikin abubuwan da sojojin Iran suka kai hare-hare, wasu daga cikinsu sun yi kusan tazara kilo 20 daga wajen tashoshin ruwan sha da ke samar wa Dubai ruwa. A Kuwait, kalubale na tsaro kan jirgin sama mara matuki a farkon maris ya haifar da konewar tashar ruwan sha.
Gargadi da Kare Buhari
Duk da haka, Abu Hawash ya lura cewa lalata wadannan tashoshi gaba daya ba abu ne mai sauki ba saboda manyan tashoshin suna da girma kuma suna dauke da tashoshin sama da 25; misali, tashar Ras al-Khair a Saudi Arabia na dauke da tashoshi sama da 25 na farko, yayin da tashar Jebel Ali a UAE ke cike da tashoshin 8. Haifar da wannan tashoshi daga aiki gaba daya na yiwuwa, amma yana da tsada, haɗari, da kuma rikitarwa.
Dokokin Kariya tare da Doka
Dokar kariya ta farko ta yarjejeniyoyin Geneva na shekara ta 1949, wanda ake ɗaukar ta a matsayin ginshiki na doka ta ƙasa da ke ba da kariya ga masu ƙarƙashin mulki, tana haramta hare-hare kan kayan aikin da ke da muhimmanci ga aikin zamantakewa, ciki har da tashoshin ruwan sha, ba tare da la’akari da dalilin ba. Ko da yake mafi yawan ƙasashen suna amincewa da wannan doka, akwai kasashe guda uku daga ciki da ba su taɓa amincewa da ita ba da gaske, wato Isra'ila, Amurka, da Iran.
Isra'ila ta yi rijista da tarin hare-hare kan kayayyakin ruwa a wannan yanki, bisa ga rahotannin. A watan Janairu na shekara ta 2025, hukumar ruwa ta Palestine ta sanar da cewa sojojin Isra'ila sun lalata tashar ruwan sha a arewacin Gaza tare da amfani da shi a matsayin wurin soji, a cikin watan Maris na wannan shekarar kuwa, an hana wutar lantarki zuwa tashar ruwa, kuma kungiyoyin kula da harkokin jinkirin kasa sun yi rajistar hare-hare da yawa kan kayayyakin ruwa a Liban tun watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023. A gabar teku, tashoshin ruwan sha na Saudi Arabia sun fuskanci hare-hare daga rukuni na Houthi na Yaman wanda ke goyon bayan Iran a wancan lokaci.
Wannan barazana na tilasta kasashen yanki su dauki matakai don rage haɗari, ciki har da yunkurin sa ido kan kayan albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa da gina ƙaramin tashoshin ruwan sha da aka kulle. Abu Hawash yana ba da shawarar ƙarfafa sabuntawa na ajiyar ruwan ƙasa da kuma kirkirar hanyoyi don rage dogaro da ruwan sha, tare da ƙara haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kasashen yanki a cikin hanyoyin ruwa da kuma kare su. Duk da haka, masana suna gargaɗin cewa tashoshin ruwan sha za su kasance wurin rauni wanda za a iya shafar su sosai idan wani ya yi nufin hakan.