A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden has unveiled the existence of two previously unknown types of stem cells that are pivotal in enhancing height in children during puberty. The study also indicated that the growth hormone, which is responsible for bone length, can directly affect these cells.
The research, published in the latter half of April this year in the journal "Medical Sciences," pointed to the discovery of two distinct groups of stem cells contributing to longitudinal bone growth: the first group contains dormant cells that act as a reserve, while the second group consists of active cells that produce new cartilage cells, which later transform into bone, leading to height increase.
Details of the Findings
The average height in humans primarily depends on genetic makeup, along with the level and activity of growth hormone in the body. Height ceases to increase when the cartilage in the body completes its transformation into fully formed bones, after which no further increase in bone length is possible, regardless of the growth hormone levels administered.
Therefore, treatment for short stature with growth hormone must begin very early in children's lives, before the complete growth of bones, which typically occurs during puberty. Since the onset of puberty varies between girls and boys, girls should be treated earlier, as the female hormone released during puberty aids in the completion of bone growth, resulting in a halt in height increase.
Background & Context
Research has shown that administering growth hormone after the completion of bone length leads to a condition known as acromegaly, where the facial bones, jaw, feet, and hands enlarge without any increase in height. Hence, an X-ray examination of the bones should be conducted before starting treatment.
The researchers tested the function of these cells on mice, discovering that the dormant stem cells possess self-renewal capabilities and can generate specialized cells in bone tissue, but they can only function after activation. The results highlight the importance of interaction between dormant and active cells in promoting height increase.
Impact & Consequences
The researchers found that growth hormone activates these dormant cells and enhances their proliferation, thereby increasing the reservoir of bone cells. Scientists conducted an analysis of tissues from children during puberty, where growth hormone activated these cells, stimulating them to divide and differentiate to produce new bone.
The researchers emphasized that treatment for short stature with growth hormone should be administered in carefully calculated incremental doses, even if the response is good and rapid, as the hormone achieves a delicate balance in the body. A deficiency leads to poor growth, while excessive secretion may deplete the reservoir of these stem cells in the long term.
Regional Significance
The discovery of these stem cells is a significant scientific victory, as it will contribute to treating thousands of children suffering from short stature in the near future. This research opens new horizons for treating cases of short stature, which may positively impact the overall health of children in the Arab region.
In conclusion, this discovery represents an important step towards a better understanding of human growth mechanisms and may contribute to developing new treatments that enhance children's health and promote proper growth.